Johannesburg, affectionately called Jo'burg orJozi, is the financial and industrial metropolis of South Africa, Built on a rich history of gold mining dating back to the 19th century, it's also known as E'Goli, or the ‘city of gold'. The city's sprawling Soweto township was once home to Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu. Soweto museums, including the sombre Apartheid Museum, recount the struggle to end segregation. Jo'burg is now a vibrant hub for arts, music and culture, seen clearly in areas like Maboneng Precinct with its cutting-edge galleries. Surrounded by inspiring natural beauty, many of Johannesburg's top attractions are outdoors. Commune with wildlife at a popular lion park or stroll among the beautiful gardens and parks in Pretoria, the country's administrative capital. Those with an interest in ancient history won't want to miss the UNESCO-listed Cradle of Humankind, one of the richest paleoanthropological sites in the world.